Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet
Revised and updated planetary boundary framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science
Abstract
皇冠体育app planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system.
Here, we revise and update the planetary boundary framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science, based on targeted input from expert research communities and on more general scientific advances over the past 5 years. Several of the boundaries now have a two-tier approach, reflecting the importance of cross-scale interactions and the regional-level heterogeneity of the processes that underpin the boundaries. Two core boundaries鈥攃limate change and biosphere integrity鈥攈ave been identified, each of which has the potential on its own to drive the Earth system into a new state should they be substantially and persistently transgressed.
Citation
Steffen, W.; Richardson, K.; Rockstr枚m, J.; Cornell, S.E.; Fetzer, I.; Bennett, E.M.; Biggs, R.; Carpenter, S.R.; de Vries, W.; de Wit, C.A.; Folke, C.; Gerten, D.; Heinke, J.; Mace, G.M.; Persson, L.M.; Ramanathan, V.; Reyers, B.; S枚rlin, S. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science (2015) 347 (6223) 1259855-1259855. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1259855]